![]() Optiflow was designed with Fisher & Paykel’s concept of Optimal Humidity in mind, which allows high flow oxygen and gas to be delivered comfortably directly into the nostrils. The Optiflow cannula is designed with a wide bore in order to deliver a complete range of gas flows up to 60 LPM. The Optiflow High Flow Nasal Cannula by Fisher & Paykel began clinical use in 2006. Clinicians are able to monitor and adjust airway temperature and gradient control in order to customize HFO therapy. Comfort Flo works with the company’s ConchaTherm Neptune heated humidifier to deliver flow rates up to 40 LPM through a line of specialty nasal cannulas. The system is designed to provide continuous flow of heated, humidified oxygen therapy to neonate patients through adult patients, according to Teleflex. Teleflex offers High Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy through its Comfort Flo Humidification System. The Precision Flow’s delivery tube is designed with air surrounded by two water-filled channels and allows molecular water vapor to pass into the gas stream, but without contact between water source and breathing gas, according to Vapotherm. The device, which features a disposable patient circuit, provides clinicians with precise temperature and flow measurements and is equipped with a built-in oxygen blender and oxygen sensor. Like the 2000i, Precision Flow offers a flow range of 1 to 40 LPM. In addition, Vapotherm now offers its Precision Flow high flow heat and humidification device for noninvasive gas delivery. The device delivers a flow range up to 40 LPM with 95% to 100% relative humidity and a temperature range of 33° to 43☌ (~91° to 109☏), without cooling or drying the airway. The 2000i uses a nasopharynx as the gas reservoir, which prevents the inspiratory gas from being diluted by remaining end-expiratory gas, according to the company. Meanwhile, Vapotherm’s 2000i High Flow Therapy (HFT) system allows high flow gases to be delivered via nasal cannula while warming and saturating the gas stream. The device, designed for long-term wear, features a larger bore safety channel head set tubing with an enhanced reservoir face piece. Today, Salter offers the Adult High Flow Cannula 1600HF, which allows effective delivery of oxygen flows up to 15 LPM, according to the company. The first two commercial adult HFNC systems designed to deliver flows with accompanying humidifiers appeared in 2000, manufactured by Salter Labs and Vapotherm. On the MarketĪ key element for clinical use of nasal oxygen at high flows is its effective humidification. In these models, for approximately every 10 liters of flow delivered, about 1 cm/H 2O of positive pressure is obtained. Based on different bench and patient models, positive end-expiratory pressure may be generated. An air/oxygen blender can provide precise oxygen delivery independent of the patient’s inspiratory flow demands. HFO consists of a heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) that can deliver up to 100% heated and humidified oxygen at a maximum flow of 60 LPM via nasal prongs or cannula. HFO increases patient comfort during oxygen administration and may allow some patients who are NIV dependent to eat or receive nursing care without potential life-threatening desaturation. Since it utilizes a molecular humidification system, it can increase humidity delivery and promote mucokinesis, thus helping to prevent mucous plugging. It also can deliver positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) that may splint conducting airways or recruit collapsed alveoli. Recently, an oxygen delivery device has been developed that can deliver precise oxygen concentrations at various flow rates and provide a level of comfort to the patient. Low-flow systems often are more comfortable, but the ability to deliver a precise oxygen concentration in various respiratory breathing patterns is limited.Ī high-flow system can deliver very accurate oxygen concentrations, but is often uncomfortable and obtrusive. Each of these systems has inherent advantages and liabilities when compared to each other. ![]() Historically, oxygen delivery devices have been labeled as either low-flow or high-flow, based on design application. By providing flow rates of up to 60 LPM, high molecular humidity, and precise oxygen delivery, HFO may reduce the need for noninvasive ventilation and intubation in selected patient populations. However, a high-flow oxygen (HFO) therapy system can deliver a high-flow air/oxygen blend through a nasal cannula or tracheal adapter, providing an alternative to other forms of ventilation.
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